The Changing Role of Şeyhülislam in the Ottoman Ilmiyye Bureaucracy and the Mülazemet System (In Relation to the Period Between the 16th and 18th Centuries)

Abstract

This article aims to examine the mülazemet system, an important element in Ottoman Ilmiyye Bureaucracy between the 16th and 18th centuries, to explain how one entered into the ulema profession as well as to clarify şeyhülislam (Sheikh ul Islam)'s role within this system. The institution of şeyhülislam increased its authority in the Ottoman State in the first quarter of the 16th century and with this newly established influence, it started to take control of the ilmiyye bureaucracy. The mülazemet system which had been under the authority and supervision of the Kadiasker (Chief Military Judge) of Rumeli in the 16th century had now entered within the jurisdiction of şeyhülislam and thus, şeyhülislams played a fundamental role in being accepted into the ulema profession in the 18th century.