Instruments and Pipa in Turkish-Chinese Cultural Interaction in Central Asia

Abstract

Central Asia is the point of convergence of the Silk Road. A multitude of civilizations have convened in this region over time, and the cultures of Türkiye and China have also interacted and influenced one another. A variety of factors, including politics, trade, lifestyles, and Buddhism, contributed to this cultural interaction. The walls of Buddhist monasteries often feature depictions of deities engaged in musical activities, often accompanied by instruments. The evolution of Turkish music has been a significant phenomenon since the Hun period. A number of Chinese instruments have been introduced, including the tuğ, which consisted of the kös, drum, pipe, zurna, and cymbal. Western sources indicate that the Chinese instrument pi-pa is a type of kopuz. It is believed to have originated with the Hun Turks. The short-stemmed version of the kopuz used by the Uighurs in the 8th and 9th centuries underwent certain modifications and became the pipa. Turkish music employs comparable melodic and rhythmic structures to Chinese music. As a result of the cultural interaction between Turkey and China, certain instruments have undergone alterations. Throughout history, these changes have manifested in various cultures over time. This article seeks to elucidate the historical development of the region where the Turkish and Chinese nations coexist. It traces historical events and social evolution processes resulting from interaction. Additionally, it addresses the role of cultural diversity in shaping contemporary relations.